Communiqué sur les mineurs isolés et activistes La Roya

L’assemblée générale de l’AED qui s’est tenue à Nice a été l’occasion d’échanger sur la politique migratoire européenne, avec des activistes de l’association ROYA CITOYENNE, qui sont venus témoigner de la situation des migrants à la frontière franco-italienne.

La vallée de la ROYA a été en effet, durant plusieurs mois, le théâtre d’une tragédie humaine où ont été pris en étau des migrants en détresse, dont de nombreux mineurs non accompagnés que l’Etat a refusé de prendre en charge, leur déniant la qualité d’enfant et la possibilité de demander l’asile.

L’instauration de l’état d’urgence en France avait entrainé le rétablissement de la frontière entre l’Italie et la France, poussant des centaines d’exilés à se réfugier dans la Vallée pour pouvoir passer la frontière et demander l’asile en France. Les réfugié passent désormais en France au niveau du Col de l’échelle, tentant, là encore, de survivre au péril de leur vie.

Parmi ces réfugiés, de nombreux mineurs non accompagnés venant d’Eyrthrée, d’Afghanistan, de Syrie..,ont trouvé refuge auprès des habitants de la Vallée de la Roya.

Ces habitants ont tout fait pour que les droits des ces réfugiés soient protégés, qu’ils soient accueillis dignement et puissent, pour certains déposer une demande d’asile et demander la protection de l’Etat.

Même munis de justificatifs d’ouverture d’une procédure de protection, ils faisaient l’objet de « refus d’entrée », formalisés ou pas, puis de refoulements en Italie, parfaitement illégaux et contraires au droit international.

Devant ce déni de droit et d’humanité, des citoyens n’ont eu d’autre choix que de se substituer à la carence d’un Etat aveugle et sourd. Ils sauvent la vie et rétablissent la dignité de ces hommes et femmes fuyant leurs pays. Ils accomplissent les gestes de première urgence : aide, hébergement, soins et conseils.

Ce sont ceux-là, ces citoyens solidaires, à l’instar de Cédric HERROU ou de Pierre-Alain MANNONI, que l’Etat français a décidé d’harceler, de poursuivre, de placer en garde à vue, de perquisitionner de manière gratuite et brutale et de condamner pénalement pour leurs actions en faveur du respect de la dignité humaine, les avocats qui les défendent menacés de mort.

Dans toute l’Europe, des situations de traitement indigne des réfugiés ont été constatées, des refoulements à la frontière sans possibilité de voir un avocat et d’exercer effectivement leurs droits, des violations quotidiennes des Conventions internationales.

L’AED dénonce cette politique d’exclusion et de refoulement à l’extérieur des frontières menée par les autorités des Etats Membres et les autorités européennes.

L’AED apporte son soutien aux citoyens qui n’hésitent pas à aider des hommes, des femmes, des enfants relégués aux marges de la société, afin de préserver leur dignité et dénonce le non-respect des droits fondamentaux des mineurs et – la traque des citoyens solidaires. Ce sont les politiques gouvernementales qui sont indignes.

L’AED demande l’abandon des poursuites pénales déclenchées à l’encontre de ces citoyens, et l’abrogation du délit de solidarité dans le Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers du droit d’asile qui est en cours de modification en France.

Elle exige l’application de la convention  européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’Homme et des libertés fondamentales et de la Convention Internationale des droits de l’Enfant et le respect par la France notamment de ses engagements internationaux.

 

On the isolated minors and activists of the Roya Valley

The General Assembly of the AED-EDL has been held in Nice on the 9th and 10th of February 2018 and has provided us with the opportunity to discuss European migration policy with activists from the association ROYA CITIZEN who have testified of the situation of migrants on the Franco-Italian border.

For several months the ROYA Valley has been the scene of a human tragedy: a valley in which migrants are stranded in distress, including many unaccompanied minors whom the state has refused to take charge of. In fact, the state denies the quality of minor of age to these children and thus denies the possibility of granting them asylum.

The introduction of the emergency laws to regulate the state of emergency in France has led to the restoration of the border between Italy and France. This is pushing hundreds of exiles to seek refuge in the Valley, while they try to cross the border and on their way to seek asylum in France. Currently, refugees have to stopped passing by the Roya Valley and now seek to pass the Col de l’Echelle from Bardonecchia to Briancon, risking their lives in the mountains.

Among these refugees, there are many unaccompanied minors from Eritrea, Afghanistan, Syria … They have found refuge with the inhabitants of the Valley of Roya. These citizens have done everything to ensure that the rights of these refugees are protected, that they are received with dignity and are able to seek asylum and ask for state protection.

Even with proof of having begun a protection procedure, these migrants received immediate “refusals of entry”, in many case informally. They were pushed back into Italy, which is illegal and contrary to international law.

Faced with this denial of rights and humanity, citizens have had no choice but to substitute a blind and deaf state. They have helped save lives and restore the dignity of those men and women fleeing their countries. They have taken care of the first aid: accommodation, care and advice.

It is citizens who, like Cédric HERROU or Pierre-Alain MANNONI, have joined forces that are now facing the harassment of the French State, as well as prosecution, detention and arbitrary searches. Their actions aimed at the respect of human dignity have ben condemned criminally. The lawyers who defend them have been recently threatened with death.

Throughout Europe, situations of ill treatment of refugees have been noted: push-backs at the border without the possibility of accessing a lawyers’ advice and effectively exercising their own rights, as well as daily violations of international conventions.

The AED-EDL denounces this policy of exclusion and pushbacks outside the borders, at the centre of the policy of European Authorities and Member States.

The AED supports citizens who do not hesitate to help men, women and children relegated to the margins of society, to preserve their dignity. The association denounces the non-respect of the fundamental rights of minors and – the criminalization of citizens who show their solidarity. It is the government policies that are unworthy.

The AED-EDL calls for the abandonment of criminal proceedings against citizens, and the repeal of the offense of solidarity in the Code of entry and residence of foreigners of the right to asylum, which is being amended in France.

It requires the application of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Convention on the Rights of the Child and the respect by France of its international commitments.

Nice, 9th and 10th February

Suite à l’évacuation de Calais

Madame ou Monsieur le Bâtonnier,

Vous êtes comme nous sensibilisé à la situation d’urgence qui se profile pour chacun de nos barreaux du fait de l’évacuation du bidonville de Calais et de la relocalisation un peu partout en France de ses occupants.

Le CNB a d’ailleurs noté l’accès quasiment inexistant à l’information et au suivi juridique des migrants et l’absence de mesure de protection des personnes vulnérables, notamment les mineurs isolés.

Dans la continuité de l’appel du CNB en date du 13 octobre dernier, nos organisations ont décidé de réunir leurs efforts afin de coordonner des actions communes, l’objectif étant d’améliorer l’accès aux droits des personnes qui arrivent dans nos barreaux, tant au niveau du contentieux de l’éloignement que du conseil en matière de séjour des étrangers et de l’asile.

Dans cette optique, il est urgent de constituer des listes d’avocats, compétents, volontaires et acceptant d’intervenir exclusivement au titre de l’aide juridictionnelle, dans chaque barreau sous l’égide de l’Ordre afin de renforcer les dispositifs de défense d’urgence déjà existants.

Ce dispositif pourrait également avoir un prolongement tant au niveau régional que national, en coordination avec les ordres, les associations signataires et les initiatives citoyennes d’aide aux migrants.

Bien entendu, il est indispensable dans ce contexte que chacun de ces justiciables ait un égal accès à l’avocat.

A cette fin, nous souhaiterions vous rencontrer au plus tôt pour vous exposer de manière plus précise notre projet.

Vous remerciant de l’attention particulière que vous porterez à la présente, Très respectueusement et confraternellement,

ADDE représentée par Flor TERCERO, avocate au barreau de Toulouse
AED représentée par Pascale TAELMAN, avocate au barreau du Val-de-Marne ELENA représentée par Alexandre ASLANIAN, avocat au barreau de Paris
SAF représenté par Florian BORG, avocat au barreau de Lille

Paris, le 18 octobre 2016

schermata-2016-10-21-alle-17-53-19

Statement on the possible reinstatement of the death penalty in Turkey

The right to life is guaranteed by all major international and regional human rights treaties. The European Court of Human Rights has interpreted the right to life as “an inalienable attribute of human beings” and a “supreme value in the international hierarchy of human rights”.[1]

The undersigned organisations believe that the abolition of the death penalty contributes to the fostering and protection of human dignity and the gradual development of a global culture of human rights.

The undersigned therefore condemn, in the strongest terms, any attempt to reinstate the death penalty in Turkey.

The undersigned insist on the fact that Turkey is a member of the Council of Europe and a signatory of the European Convention on Human Rights. Consequently, Turkey is bound by Protocols 6 and 13 of the Convention which abolish the death penalty. In Turkey, the last execution took place in 1984. The death penalty was abolished for ordinary crimes in 2002, and finally abandoned on 7 May 2004. In addition, in 2006, Turkey became the 57th State to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty.

Therefore, the undersigned call upon the Turkish government to respect its international commitments, reminding them that Turkey has supported the recent World Congress Against the Death penalty held on 21-23 June 2016 in Oslo.

 

Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE)

International Association of Lawyers (UIA)

European Bars Federation (FBE)

International Association of Young Lawyers (AIJA)

European Democratic Lawyers (AED)

 

[1] European Court of Human Rights, Judgment in the case of Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany, 22 March 2001, in particular paragraphs 72, 85, 87 and 94.

 

—-

Le droit à la vie est garanti par tous les traités internationaux et régionaux importants sur les droits de l’homme. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a interprété le droit à la vie comme un « attribut inaliénable de la personne humaine » et « la valeur suprême dans l’échelle des droits de l’homme sur le plan international »[1].

 

Les organisations signataires sont convaincues que l’abolition de la peine de mort contribue au renforcement et à la protection de la dignité humaine et au développement progressif d’une culture mondiale des droits de l’homme.

 

Elles condamnent dès lors, de la manière la plus ferme, toute tentative de rétablir la peine de mort en Turquie.

 

Les organisations signataires insistent fortement sur le fait que la Turquie est membre du Conseil de l’Europe et signataire de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Par conséquent, la Turquie est tenue de respecter les Protocoles 6 et 13 de la Convention qui abolissent la peine de mort. La dernière exécution ayant eu lieu en Turquie remonte à 1984. La peine de mort a été abolie pour les crimes de droit commun en 2002, avant d’être finalement abandonnée le 7 mai 2004. Par ailleurs, la Turquie est devenue en 2006, le 57État à ratifier le deuxième protocole facultatif se rapportant au Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, visant à abolir la peine de mort.

 

Elles appellent le gouvernement turc à respecter ses engagements internationaux et rappelle que la Turquie a soutenu le récent Congrès mondial contre la peine de mort qui s’est tenu à Oslo du 21 au 23 juin 2016.

[1] Arrêt du 22 mars 2001 de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme dans l’affaire Streletz, Kessler et Krenz c. Allemagne, en particulier les paragraphes 72, 85, 87 et 94.

Migrants outlawed- International Conference

International Conference SAF / AED on the 23rd and 24th of September 2016

​​Free movement within Europe … this ideal seems to be receding day by day, European governments are unable to implement a common policy for the accommodation of migrants and are taking instead increasingly hard and inhumane measures of expulsion and repression.

Faced with the Europeanization of restrictive migration policies, lawyers from different countries of the European Union need to discuss the situation in different areas in Europe as well as to exchange on their strategies and reflect on common European defence of migrants so that solutions may actually emerge, which are respectful of the rights and freedoms of migrants.

Every year, the SAF (Union of French Lawyers) organizes a symposium on a theme regarding migrants’ rights. Faced with the accelerated degradation of the situation of migrants in Europe, this year a major European conference has been organized in collaboration with the Association of European Democratic Lawyers.

What are the rights of migrants? What are the legal and social conditions at the gates of Europe? How to ensure that they can effectively assert their rights, file asylum applications or receive respectful conditions of accommodation, which conform to European standards of minimum guarantees for hosting asylum seekers?

The interventions of European lawyers, and the discussions that follow, will attempt to answer these questions while analysing various situations in Europe, particularly in Calais, Spain, Greece, Italy and, of course, in Turkey. This will enable participants to acquire the legal tools and knowledge of the concrete situations of migrants with the aim of improving their defence.

On the current situation for asylum seekers in Greece

Last summer about 800.000 asylum seekers arrived in Greece. Until that moment most aslym seekers arrived through the land borders. After the fence has been build and other measures were taken (f.i. push backs) the stream of refugees started to arrived over sea. Most arrived on Lesbos or Chios. In the summer there was a new development in the form of the Balkan-route. From summer until October about 10.000 people per day arrived through the Greek-Macedonian border. Slowly different countries started to take measure to block this stream of people. First only Afghans and Syrians were allowed to pass, then only the people that had passports. After December the people got stuck in Greece. With 10.000 people arriving per day, the number accumulated quickly. Now more than 50.000 people are stuck on the Greek mainland and more on the islands.

There are two categories: people that are stuck because of the blockage of the Balkan-route and people who arrived on the islands (black status) who can’t be registered because of the EU-Turkey deal. In 2010 there was a new migration plan in Greece with the follow pillars: (1) a better organization of examination of the claims; (2) a civil organization where asylum seekers would be helped throughout the registration process.

While the stream of asylum seekers got bigger, the running centers could no longer function as detention centers. These centers have now been transferred into hotspots. The centers were first focused on detention and return procedures, but should now be used for registration and eventually return. Just on Lesbos there are 3000-4000 asylum seekers. They are being held without any procedure. They do not have access to legal aid or the asylum procedure itself.

Normally, according to Greek law, people cannot be detained for more than 25 days for the purpose of registration. Once they are registered, they should be freed from detention. Many people are now detained for much longer than those 25 days without being registered. About 7000 people are currently detained since the EU-Turkey deal.

The Afghans have sometimes gotten documents for legal stay for 30 days and the Syrians and Iraqis have gotten those documents for 6 months (a document that just says that they are being tolerated). They have not gotten any legal assistance nor access to social services during this period. These people don’t know whether they will be allowed to travel on to the mainland.

Possibly all asylum requests will be denied because Turkey will be designated as a safe third country (the applications will them be declared inadmissible). The first judgments from the courts about Turkey being a safe third country are expected soon. These decisions should have been taken within two days, but it has now already taken 15 days without any news. The persons whom it concerns are all being detained. The decisions in first instance have been taken by an EASO expert from Germany (probably from Frankfurt, it has been said that there had been a lot of complaints against this person in Germany). It all concerns people that have not been registered in Turkey, but have just traveled through there.

It is possible to give legal assistance, but this needs to be organized well. When the interviews are being held by EASO officers, why not have international lawyers for legal assistance? At the courts, this wouldn’t be possible, because the appeals need to be signed by a Greek lawyer. The decisions are now taken in English, the interviews are also being held in English. If you want to get a ‘power of attorney’ from a client, this sometimes takes a full day to arrange. There are hundreds of asylum seekers, so there are way too little lawyers available.

During the procedures in second instance, there is suspensive effect to the legal remedies. When there is a judgment from the Greek court, the lawyers will go to the ECHR to ask for a Rule 39 as soon as possible. Pro Asyl is currently paying for legal assistance for some people that are being detained right now. There are about 3 to 4 lawyers working on Lesbos for a total of 3000 people. Nobody wants to put money to legal assistance, all the money currently goes to accommodation etc.

The Procedures Directive has not been implemented correctly in Greece, as there is no compensation for legal aid in the second instance. The procedure itself costs about 600 euro. The lawyers who are working in Lesbos belong to different NGO’s. The procedure is mainly a written procedure, there are usually no hearings. In a detention procedure where someone was being held in detention without a decision underlying the detention, the case was being dismissed as inadmissible, because there was no decision and the court ruled that the criteria for lodging a case hadn’t been met.

In the decisions that are being taken now no legal arguments are being given whatsoever. For detention it is, for instance, necessary that advice has been asked from the Asylum Service, but in practice this never happens.

A lot of people find themselves ‘in limbo’ à in detention without any rights, without any access to legal assistance.

Legal aid for asylum seekers

The main problem is not only the lack of lawyers, but also the lack of information. The volunteers in Greece are able and willing to distribute information (on internet, through flyers). In Piraeus many people were being threatened with detention. This was fought against by providing the information that the asylum seekers should apply for asylum, so that they couldn’t be detained or deported. Unfortunately, the next day the access to these people for lawyers was not granted anymore.

Social groups have functioned as a mediator. Appointments for asylum applications need to be made through Skype, but there is no one behind the computer to answer. There are certain time slots for each language and country of origin. This has to be done from the camps / hotspots and this is being used as an excuse to lure people into the camps. A group of Afghans was told that they would get a paper granting legal stay in Greece for 30 days if they would go to the camp. This paper was just written by a police officer and stamped by him. People that were convinced got into the bus and were transported to the camps without any security or guarantee.

Legal aid for helpers of the asylum seekers

A man that helped asylum seekers to arrive safely from sea to Greece is being prosecuted for the help to illegals. The same counts for many people that have offered help to asylum seekers in Greece (that helped with squatting, getting medical care for asylum seekers, etc.).

The profile of the asylum seekers has changed: only a third are Syrians. There are a lot of women and children coming, including many unaccompanied minors (it is totally unclear what happens to them; it concerns f.i. 13-year old girls from Iraq).

On Migration

The Bureau of the association of European Democratic Lawyers (AED-EDL), meeting in Athens on May 7th, 2016, in view of the flagrant violation of fundamental rights by member states of the EU as well as by the Greek state and of the constant influx of people in need of International Protection, has decided to release the following statement:

 

  1. The closure of EU borders, which encourages all types of mafia and forces people to risk their lives to reach Europe, is absolutely contrary to the fundamental principles recognized in the Declaration of Human Rights and Right to Asylum and the Geneva Convention signed by all member states. Similarly, the closure of European Borders is contrary to European norms.
  1. The absence of a humanitarian corridor to enable the safe passage of those forced into migration as well as the absence of application of legal remedies to this situation demonstrates absolute disregard for human life and respect of international law.
  1. The lack of foresight and the foot-dragging in the implementation of the Schengen visa norms means that thousands of people must entrust their destinies to the mafia while risking their lives and integrity to access the European territory. Meanwhile current regulations already exist to ensure access to the protection of asylum.
  1. The stasis of the EU institutions and the passivity of Member states are unsustainable. They constitute a direct attack to the founding principles of European solidarity and mutual support amongst Member States.
  1. The declaration of Turkey as the first safe country for asylum means the bankruptcy of the right to asylum. The asylum procedure in Greece is currently inexistent; people are kept in detention while their request is pending. They are deprived of their liberty while in most cases their application cannot be filed. And if applications are submitted, they are systematically denied on the grounds that Turkey is considered a safe haven. Expulsions are being made without the slightest guarantee: legal counselling, interpreters, a suspensive procedure ensuring the thorough study of the case, without any guarantees that Turkey will not push them back …
  1. The European Agenda for Migration created by the Commission in May 2015, continues to focus on policies of expulsion, detention and criminalization of displaced people. The common European system is still based on the application of the Dublin III Regulation, and is currently in the process of further modification. This set of mechanisms of European policy has already shown its ineffectiveness.
  1. As an association of European lawyers’ associations, involved in defending the rights of all people and thus in the same way of forced migrants who reach the external borders of the EU, we demand:
  • The scrupulous respect for the right of asylum enshrined in international law.

  • The opening of safe transit routes for people fleeing.

  • Unlocking the granting of visas for humanitarian reasons and as well as diplomatic asylum.

  • The revocation of the EU-Turkey agreement, which is expulsing displaced people outside European borders to a State that does not fully respect human rights.

  • The formulation of a European immigration policy on the basis of integration, the recognition of the right to migration and the gradual European integration hubs, recognition of the right to migrate and gradual equal rights and duties with other EU citizens.

 

Athens, May 7, 2016

on Hot spots

To the presidents of democratic political groups in the European Parliament:

The Bureau of the AED, meeting in Naples on the 9th and 10th October 2015, has taken note of the establishment, particularly in Italy and Greece, by the Council of the European Union of so called “hot spots”, destined to sort out in a basic manner between refugees and migrants, and then to transfer the first to different countries of the European Union, while abandoning the rest to their fate. The AED has furthermore come to know that the European authorities have decided to move from simply monitoring the borders to stopping ships if necessary by force with the risk to the lives of migrants qualified as “collateral damage ”

Faced with this direct attack on the right asylum but also simply to the right to life, the Bureau of the AED denounces this inadequate response to the plight of migrants at the borders of Europe. The AED recalls its total opposition to the detention of migrants. The Bureau cannot accept that in the name of solving a serious humanitarian crisis, human beings are treated as merchandise and joggled around European countries, in the name of refugee quota plan.

Finally, the Bureau recalls that the AED is an organization of lawyers and although we cannot endorse the political undermining of the international protection of migrants, we will present everywhere to defend those in danger.

 

Naples, 10th of October 2015